Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Understanding & Managing Vision Loss

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in adults over 50, affecting more than 14 million Americans. This condition damages the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD can cause blurry vision, distorted images, and blind spots, making everyday activities like reading and driving more challenging.

Types of AMD

There are two types of AMD:

• Dry AMD (Nonexudative AMD) – The most common form, characterized by the gradual loss of photoreceptors in the macula. Vision decline is typically slow, and while there is no cure, certain vitamins and lifestyle changes may help slow progression.
• Wet AMD (Exudative AMD) – A more severe form caused by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the retina, leading to bleeding and swelling. If untreated, these blood vessels can rupture, causing rapid and severe vision loss. Fortunately, advanced treatments are available to manage this condition.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing AMD:

• Age – More common in individuals over 50
• Smoking – A major contributor to disease progression
• Genetics – Family history increases risk significantly
• High Blood Pressure – Linked to retinal damage
• Race – More prevalent in Caucasian populations

Symptoms of AMD

AMD symptoms vary depending on the stage and type:

• Blurry central vision
• Distorted images (metamorphopsia)
• Dark spots or missing areas in vision
• Difficulty seeing in low light

Treatment & Prevention

While Dry AMD has no cure, maintaining a healthy diet rich in leafy greens and fish, along with AREDS vitamins, can help slow progression. Wet AMD treatments include:

• Laser therapy – Used to seal leaking blood vessels
• Injections – Medications that reduce swelling and prevent new blood vessel growth
• Lifestyle changes – Regular exercise and smoking cessation can lower risk

Schedule an Eye Exam Today

Early detection is key to managing AMD. If you notice vision changes or have risk factors, schedule an appointment with Greater Houston Eye Consultants today. Our specialists provide advanced diagnostics and personalized treatment plans to help protect your vision.